Sadly it's a common misconception that lice can be easily eradicated by drowning so let’s explore the biology and survival mechanisms that enable them to survive under water and prosper in your kids’ hair!

Anatomy and Physiology of Lice

Lice are streamlined and equipped with a protective waxy and water-repellent exoskeleton, which helps prevent excessive water loss and enables them to survive in various environments, including water.

Respiration and Adaptations

One of the primary reasons lice can survive underwater is their respiratory system. Unlike mammals, which rely on lungs to extract oxygen from the air, lice utilise a different mechanism. They possess tiny, spiracle-like structures on their exoskeleton that allow them to respire and exchange gases with their surroundings. These spiracles are equipped with a clever valve mechanism that can be tightly closed when submerged underwater, minimizing water intake and preventing drowning.

Survival Instincts and Behavior

We know that lice are tenacious and exhibit remarkable survival instincts. When exposed to a watery environment, they instinctively huddle on the scalp, especially near the hair roots, which provides them with a higher chance of survival. By clinging to the base of the hair shafts, they create a protective shield using their legs, reducing the amount of water reaching their bodies.

Conclusion

Contrary to popular belief, while drowning lice in water may temporarily immobilize them, it is not a foolproof method for eradicating an infestation. Instead, relying on proven treatments, such as medicated shampoos and identification and removal of all remaining eggs, remains the most reliable approach to eliminate lice from the scalp.